John Stuart Mill And Utilitarianism - 983 Words

In Utilitarianism actions are judged right and wrong solely on their consequence, and in order to assess this consequences, the only thing that matters is the amount of happiness and unhappiness caused and by calculating happiness and unhappiness caused, nobody’s happiness counts any more than anybody else’s. Utilitarian ethics is the most common form of ethics used today, it has thrived because two needs have been met by it. Firstly, end-based thinking is common and people have sought to improve and perfect what is produced by their effort. And secondly, the speed of life has made single-criterion solutions attractive toward rapid and effective problem solving. Comparing deontological and consequentialist ethics by single criterion dynamic: Deontological rule based ethics, with Immanuel Kant and Categorical Imperative drive decisions through rule or principle to be applied; which means, consequences do not matter morally. In the other hand, Consequential ends based ethics, with John Stuart Mill and Utilitarianism, drive decisions through the amount of happiness to be produced as a consequence; which means, the rules and principles do not matter morally. In solving this dilemma, considering John Stuart Mill principle will be most efficient, this is because, decisions should be made in time before their consequences appear and in specific cases where justice and utility are in conflict just like in this case of organ transplant. It will be expedient to serve the greaterShow MoreRelatedUtilitarianism, By John Stuart Mill And Utilitarianism880 Words   |  4 Pagessometimes hard to define, but with John Stuart Mill and Utilitarianism it is a little bit easier. Utilitarianism is an easy one, for the reason that it is defined by the greatest happiness for everyone involved. Sometimes it does not always make everyone content, but if you look at it as a whole it makes sense. Mill says that we have to look at the bigger picture. One person’s happiness affects another’s and so on. Utilitarianism is a moral theory that John Stuart Mill, the philosopher, formulated toRead MoreUtilitarianism, By John Stuart Mill1365 Words   |  6 Pages In John Stuart Mill’s book Utilitarianism, he argues for the defense of utilitarianism, an age old theory originally developed by Jeremy Bentham that states the proper course of action is the one that maximizes happiness. The course of action that maximizes general happiness is also the only true standard for moral assessment. Mill also introduces the idea of ‘first principle’ which states that it is not acceptable for individuals to characterize actions as either ‘good’ or ‘bad’, because it isRead MoreUtilitarianism, By John Stuart Mill1372 Words   |  6 PagesAct Utilitarianism is a long standing and well supported philosophical argument that when boiled down to its most basic elements, can be described as creating â€Å"the greatest good for the greatest number† (122). Such was the sentiment of John Stuart Mill, one of act utilitarianism’s (also known as just utilitarianism) greatest pioneers, and promoters. Mills believed that his theory of always acting in a way that achieved the greatest net happiness was both superior to other philosophical theories andRead MoreUtilitarianism By John Stuart Mill1805 Words   |  8 PagesIn his book Utilitarianism, John Stuart Mill presents his exposition and his major defenses of the philosophy of utilitarianism. Utilitarianism, a theory in ethics developed by the philosopher Jeremy Bentham, focuses on a concept of utility that focuses on deciding if actions are morally right or wrong by analyzing the pleasure and pain they cause. In other words, if an action causes primarily pleasure for all parties, then it must be good and right; however, if it causes pain for the parties involvedRead MoreUtilitarianism, By John Stuart Mill1599 Words   |  7 PagesUtilitarianism is a doctrine in normative ethics that is outlined and defended by many philosophers, including the English philosopher John Stuart Mill as a standard to determine what are right and w rong actions. At its most basic claim, the right course of action one must take should be in the interest of maximizing what is known as utility. The right course of action is determined as being right if it maximizes the total benefit and happiness gained, while at the same time reducing the greatestRead MoreThe Utilitarianism By John Stuart Mill984 Words   |  4 PagesDecriminalize Drug use Utilitarianism as an example of consequentialism is a moral theory generally considered to have started in the late eighteenth century. In the book Utilitarianism by John Stuart Mill he defined the ethical theory stating that â€Å"†¦actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness; wrong as they tend to produce the reverse of happiness†(7). The idea behind the theory is that people seek happiness, and that the ultimate goal of all human beings is to be happy.Read MoreUtilitarianism, By John Stuart Mill854 Words   |  4 PagesJohn Stuart Mill, among other things, was an English philosopher and economist who lived from 1806 to 1873. Mill grew up being immersed in the principles of utilitarianism. Mill’s essay on utilitarianism, titled Utilitarianism, was written to debunk misconceptions of and to provide support for the ideology. Mill’s essay and argument span five chapters, where his discussions range from definitions, misconceptions, re wards, methods, and validity. Utilitarianism is generally held to be the view thatRead MoreJohn Stuart Mill And Utilitarianism1202 Words   |  5 Pages I contend that the philosophy of John Stuart Mill and Utilitarianism can be used to show that society should will that genetic enhancement be morally acceptable if the adverse cognitive or emotional effects are outweighed by the benefits. Glannon argues that gene enhancement is morally objectionable because â€Å"there would be the unacceptable social cost of some people suffering from adverse cognitive or emotional effects of the enhancement.† Under Utilitarianism, society would likely deem that geneticRead MoreUtilitarianism By John Stuart Mill930 Words   |  4 PagesAnalysis Paper 2 In the essay â€Å"Utilitarianism† by John Stuart Mill, he explains his support for utilitarianism and argues any misconceptions of it. In his essay he talks about the difference between higher and lower pleasures and what significance they have in his utilitarian moral theory. His theory is based on the rule that â€Å"actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness, wrong as they tend to produce the reverse of happiness.† Many people experience different kinds of pleasureRead MoreUtilitarianism, By John Stuart Mill2436 Words   |  10 PagesUtilitarianism is an ethical speculation that communicates that the best movement is the one that expands utility. Utility is portrayed in various courses, frequently to the extent the success of mindful substances, for instance, people and diverse animals. Jeremy Bentham, the coordinator of utilitarianism, delineated utility as the entire of all bliss that results from a movement, short the burden of anyone req uired in the action. Utilitarianism is a variation of consequentialism, which communicates

Disease, Infection, And Poor Living Conditions The Dirt...

Disease, Infection, and Poor Living Conditions: The Dirt of the Meat Industry Over the course of industrialization in food processing industries, sanitation has never been up to par. In recent years, sanitation has taken a nose dive and it is negatively impacting people’s health. Livestock, particularly cattle, chicken, and pigs, in the meatpacking industry are kept in unsanitary living conditions that are causing the animals to contract dangerous diseases that are contaminating the meat being processed for food. In 1972, the Food and Drug Administration conducted approximately 50,000 food safety inspections. In 2006, the FDA conducted 9,164 (Food Inc.). Sanitation in food processing industries needs to increase to improve the health of the American people. The exercise of industrialized meat processing spans back to the 19th century. The first meat packaging plant was started in Cincinnati, Ohio (History of the Meat Industry). Throughout the years, meatpacking was transported with the help of the railroad system and mechanical refrigerators were put in place to keep the meats cool. Due to poor working conditions and unsanitary practice, employed workers in the food processing industries went on strikes, therefor making the industries enforce immigrants to take the place of existing workers (History of the Meat Industry). The conditions animals were in within the meat industry also became harsh. Many cows receive inadequate veterinary care resulting in deaths fromShow MoreRelatedWhy Organic Farming Is America s Leading Source Of Food Production Essay1768 Words   |  8 PagesThe food industry allows consumers to choose from a wide variety of products. However, most food corporations fail to tell the story behind their food. Is this secrecy due to their methods in creating their products? Conventional farming is America’s leading source of food production. Yet, the controversial practices used in conventional farming, may lead American’s to question if this is the only farming source that can feed our nation. Since 1972, organic farming has been creeping up the successRead MoreAgricultural Science Sba12288 Words   |  50 PagesGrazing * Hydroponics * Livestock * Orchard * Pig farming * Poultry farming * Sheep husbandry * Slash-and-burn | Categories | * Agriculture * Agriculture by country * Agriculture companies * Biotechnology * Livestock * Meat industry * Poultry farming | * Agropedia portal | * v * t * e | In agriculture, poultry litter or broiler litter is a mixture of poultry excreta, spilled feed, feathers, and material used as bedding in poultry operations. This term is alsoRead MoreTaking a Look at Papua New Guinea3227 Words   |  13 PagesMain local industrial products consist of plywood, coconut oil, canned meat and tuna, copper, silver, and gold. The first oil refinery, owned by an American, opened on the island in the year 2004. Eighty-six percent of the gross domestic products in the year 2006 were minerals and oil export from the country. Land owners receive royalties from those operations. In 2007 the economy continued to be slow, although the service industry was stable, while tourism shows potential and remains largely untappedRead MoreAn Evaluation of an on-Farm Food Safety Program for Ontario Greenhouse Vegetable Producers; a Global Blueprint for Fruit and Vegetable Producers51659 Words   |  207 Pagesimplementation barriers identified included: perceived costs of participation, the priority of food safety management; and, management/employee relationships. Effective implementation was size-neutral and value was obtained through market access. Produce industry stakeholders can apply the results of this research and create a template to be used in similar extension activities. Acknowledgements For the past four years of my life, food safety conversations followed me wherever I go. I ve discussed itRead MoreFrom Salvation to Self-Realization18515 Words   |  75 Pagesthat life had become somehow unreal. 8 15Technological change alone could not account for such extreme symptoms. There was another and equally mundane source: the spread of an interdependent national market economy. Besides distributing the tinned meat, condensed milk, and other modern conveniences that insulated people from primary experience, the national market laid claim to venerable concepts of the self. As more and more people became enmeshed in the markets web of interdependence, liberalRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 PagesLogical Reasoning by Bradley H. Dowden is licensed under a Creative Commons AttributionNonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. That is, you are free to share, copy, distribute, store, and transmit all or any part of the work under the following conditions: (1) Attribution You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author, namely by citing his name, the book title, and the relevant page numbers (but not in any way that suggests that the book Logical Reasoning or its author endorseRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesUsing Influence Strategies 320 Scoring Key 320 SKILL PRACTICE Neutralizing Unwanted Influence Attempts Observer’s Feedback Form 321 321 6 MOTIVATING OTHERS 323 SKILL ASSESSMENT 324 Diagnostic Surveys for Motivating Others 324 Diagnosing Poor Performance and Enhancing Motivation Work Performance Assessment 325 SKILL LEARNING 326 Increasing Motivation and Performance 326 Diagnosing Work Performance Problems 326 Enhancing Individuals’ Abilities 328 Fostering a Motivating Work EnvironmentRead MoreW1 Active Adj14109 Words   |  57 Pagescomponent n W2 comprehensive adj W3 comprise v W3 computer n S1, W1 concentrate v S2, W2 concentration n S3, W2 concept n S3, W2 concern n S1, W1 concern v W3 concerned adj S1, W1 concerning prep W3 concert n S3, W3 conclude v S3, W2 conclusion n S3, W2 condition n S2, W1 conduct n W3 conduct v W2 conference n S2, W1 confidence n S2, W2 confident adj S3, W3 confine v W3 confirm v S2, W2 conflict n S3, W2 confused adj S3 confusing adj S3 confusion n S3, W3 congratulation n S3 connect v S2, W2 connection n

The Secret Circle The Hunt Chapter 5 Free Essays

string(38) " Adam was exactly what Cassie needed\." It was the middle of the night, dark and quiet, when Cassie unlocked the gunmetal chest and reached inside for her father’s Book of Shadows. She held the book close to her face, and took a deep breath in. It smelled musty and old. We will write a custom essay sample on The Secret Circle: The Hunt Chapter 5 or any similar topic only for you Order Now She ran her palm over its soft, faded cover and traced its inscription with her finger. She wanted to absorb every detail. Finally, she pressed her thumb onto the worn oval on its corner – Black John’s fingerprint – and found it was a perfect fit. Cassie knew what she was doing was wrong. She’d promised herself she wouldn’t open the book without Adam. But she couldn’t control her own hands. They shook with excitement as she flipped through the book’s yellowed pages. The words printed there still appeared as wavy lines and ancient symbols, but they were somehow more familiar to her. She could sense their meaning; she could almost taste it. And as she continued scanning each page, from top to bottom, left to right, she could feel herself getting sucked into the book itself, like she was becoming a part of it and it a part of her. That dark feeling she was beginning to know so well filled her stomach, and then her heart. Soon it was shivering provocatively through her whole body. With a final shudder, Cassie startled awake. All was still and silent in her room. It was just a bad dream, she thought, but a painful throbbing ran from the tips of her fingers up the length of her wrists. Cassie reached over to her lamp on the nightstand and found she could barely grip the switch to turn it on. But when she did, the light revealed an alarming sight: The marks on her hands had deepened to a shocking crimson. And, Cassie noticed, there was a dark red, cruel-looking welt on the inside of her left palm. It was a new mark. But the book was locked away – there was no way Cassie could have actually touched it. Could she? She ducked under her bed to check for the gunmetal chest. She’d positioned it just so, perfectly aligned with a faint line on the floorboard, so she could easily tell if someone discovered and tampered with it. The chest was in place with its lock still fastened. Next, Cassie checked her jewelry box. The key was there, lying innocently beside the chalcedony rose, just as she’d left it. But Cassie was sure she’d had the book in her hands – how else could these new marks be explained? And she was positive she’d actually been reading the book. She felt different. A strange energy surged through her veins. It felt like strength, like capability. Like power. Cassie woke up the next morning to find her mother pulling open the curtains in her room, filling it with bright sunlight. â€Å"You were really in a deep sleep,† her mother said. â€Å"You snored right through your alarm.† Cassie glanced down at her burned hands and hid them beneath the bedspread. â€Å"Your friends came by about an hour ago,† her mother continued. â€Å"But I sent them home.† Cassie sat up and tried to get her bearings. â€Å"You sent them home? We were supposed to have a Circle meeting.† â€Å"You seemed to need your rest more.† Her mother patted Cassie aside and sat next to her. â€Å"I went ahead and told your friends about the secret room in the basement. And I already spoke to Faye’s mother and Laurel’s guardians about letting them spend their nights here. Everything’s all set. That’s one less thing for you to worry about.† Cassie’s mouth was dry and her mind was still groggy, but she was awake enough to understand that her mother was supporting her in a whole new way. She had basically sat in on Cassie’s Circle meeting for her and single-handedly accomplished everything on the agenda. Her mother, the same woman who had refused to even utter the word witchcraft one year earlier. â€Å"And another thing,† her mom said. â€Å"You and your friends are going to the spring dance. It’s been decided.† For a second Cassie thought she might be dreaming again, but then she noticed her mother’s sly smile. â€Å"Really,† Cassie said. â€Å"The Circle decided that. And I’m sure you played no part in convincing them.† â€Å"Guilty as charged.† Her mother raised up her hands, defenseless. â€Å"I think you all deserve a break. And it’ll be a good reminder that you’re in high school – these are supposed to be the best years of your life.† True, Cassie thought. She was in high school, but she also had people’s lives in her hands. Not to mention her own. â€Å"Are you hungry?† her mother asked, changing the subject before Cassie could protest the dance. â€Å"You must be, it’s already lunchtime. I’ll fix us something to eat.† She was already through the door headed for the kitchen when Cassie called out to her. â€Å"Mom – thank you.† Cassie knew just how lucky she was, not only to have a mother – unlike most of her friends – but to have her mother. â€Å"Mmhmm,† her mother replied modestly, like it was nothing at all. Cassie let her head drop back onto her pillow. Her mind immediately began to spin. She needed to tell Adam about the dream she had had last night, if it had been a dream at all. Even now, as exhausted as she felt, Cassie had the urge to grab the book and search its pages for anything resembling the witch-hunter curse. Cassie reached for her cell phone to quickly text Adam: What are you up to? Can you come over? He instantly wrote back: Can’t. Taking Grandma to doctor, remember? But I’ll see you tonight. That’s right. She knew Adam was busy today, but they’d made plans to have the evening to themselves. Where was her head? The restless night had left her brain foggy and confused. A night alone with Adam was exactly what Cassie needed. You read "The Secret Circle: The Hunt Chapter 5" in category "Essay examples" In addition to everything about the book and the dream, there was something even more overwhelming weighing on Cassie’s mind: She had to talk to Adam about the cord she’d seen connecting Adam to Scarlett on the night Scarlett left town. Whether or not Adam had seen it, and whether or not talking about it would be like throwing a hammer through the glass window of their relationship, it had to be addressed tonight. There could be no more secrets between them. Cassie crawled out of bed and headed toward the sweet smells wafting from the kitchen. She’d better eat; she’d need her strength later. Faye and Laurel appeared at Cassie’s front door that afternoon with suitcases in tow. â€Å"Pop the champagne,† Faye said sarcastically as she stepped inside. â€Å"We’re here to prepare for our extended slumber party.† Laurel sped past her and asked where the secret room was. She obviously didn’t want to waste any time with small talk. â€Å"Follow me,† Cassie said. She was still feeling shaken up from her nightmare and had hoped the doorbell would be Adam arriving early, but for Faye’s and Laurel’s sake she tried to sound pleasant. She also did her best to keep her burns covered, though that was becoming more and more challenging. The sleeves of her shirts were getting stretched out from constantly pulling them down over her hands. â€Å"This feels like something out of an Edgar Allan Poe story,† Faye said as Cassie led them downstairs and through the basement. â€Å"Wasn’t he a fan of burying people alive?† Laurel nodded. â€Å"In catacombs. Subterranean receptacles of the dead.† â€Å"I think you’ll have a change of heart when you see it,† Cassie said. When they reached the bookcase, Cassie explained how it worked as a secret door. Then she closed her eyes, focused her energy on the wall of books, and recited the words her mother had used: â€Å"Enchanted threshold, door untold, reveal to me what you conceal.† Surprise flashed across Faye’s and Laurel’s faces the moment the doorway appeared in the bookshelf. â€Å"Your grandmother was a sneaky lady,† Faye said. â€Å"A woman of my own kind.† Laurel stepped inside the room and picked up a plush throw pillow from the sofa. â€Å"It’s like Victorian England in here.† â€Å"I’m glad you like it.† Cassie smiled. â€Å"I want you both to be comfortable.† â€Å"It certainly has less of a bomb-shelter feel than I expected,† said Faye. Cassie knew that was the closest thing to a compliment she was going to get. Faye claimed her side of the room and immediately began taking things out of her suitcase and spreading them around – some candles and perfume bottles, her makeup case, her favorite jewelry. â€Å"What we should be doing,† Faye said, as she arranged her nail polishes and lipsticks upon the dresser by color, â€Å"is taking action against Max and his dad. I don’t understand what we’re waiting for.† â€Å"We are taking action.† Cassie tried to sound patient but firm. â€Å"But it’s important for you two to keep under the radar as best you can.† â€Å"It’s not fair,† Laurel blurted out. She was standing over her closed suitcase, not as quick to settle in as Faye. â€Å"I know,† Cassie said, as sympathetically as she could. â€Å"But I promise you, Laurel, we’ll do what we have to do. In the meantime, keeping close to the Circle is the best way to truly be safe.† â€Å"I still want to go to the Spring Fling tomorrow night,† Faye said, without looking up from her tincture collection. The tiny vials ranged from innocuous-looking browns to malicious purples. â€Å"The rest of the Circle will be there. There’s no reason Laurel and I should have to miss it.† Cassie didn’t bat an eye. â€Å"You’re free to go to the dance if you want to. But Mr. Boylan and Max will be there, too, and there’ll only be a handful of chaperones guarding an endless number of dark hallways. Need I remind you of Jeffrey Lovejoy hanging dead in the boiler room the night of the homecoming dance last year? Is that what you want to happen to you, Faye?† Cassie didn’t realize until a moment too late that she’d been yelling. Her face and neck felt flushed and she’d broken into a sweat. Faye was so caught off guard by Cassie’s eruption, her only response was stunned silence. Laurel backed away from her, awestruck. Cassie’s hands were balled into fists. When she released them, the burns on her skin tingled. â€Å"Cassie’s right,† Laurel said, still eyeing Faye with an expression of alarm. â€Å"Forget the stupid dance. We’ll hang out here and watch a movie. Your pick.† Faye simply nodded, which was a more agreeable gesture than Cassie thought she was capable of. It wasn’t like Faye to let anyone off easy, and Cassie was grateful for it. â€Å"I’m sorry,† Cassie said, trying to inject a new calm into her voice. â€Å"I didn’t mean to snap at you like that.† Faye returned to her suitcase and resumed unpacking, but she refused to look Cassie in the eye. â€Å"Faye,† Cassie said, softening her voice further. â€Å"I don’t know what came over me. I think I’m just on edge with everything going on.† It was the best she could do for a peace offering, but Faye wasn’t taking the bait. â€Å"It’s okay, Cassie,† Laurel said. She’d finally opened her suitcase and had begun removing her things, laying them out neatly on the dresser. â€Å"None of us feel like ourselves these days.† Faye sprayed her neck and wrists with perfume and then rubbed them together. â€Å"I feel just fine,† she said, as the air around her grew heavy with the perfume’s invigorating scent. â€Å"Better than fine, in fact. Unlike some people, I’m in complete control of myself.† She glanced at Cassie at last, as if she were deciding to pursue an argument or let it go. â€Å"I guess you’re a stronger person than I am,† Cassie said, knowing that was the one thing she could say to make Faye feel better. And it did. After a few seconds, Faye’s eyebrows relaxed and she said, â€Å"At least you’re willing to admit that.† Then she moved to her bed, opened her laptop, and asked, â€Å"Can we at least get Wi-Fi down here?† Cassie smiled. â€Å"I think that’s the least I can do.† And just like that, she’d been forgiven for her outburst. How to cite The Secret Circle: The Hunt Chapter 5, Essay examples