Strategic Justifications In The US Wine Industry

Strategic Justifications In The US Wine Industry Mergers refer to the aspect of corporate strategy, corporate finance and management dealing with the buying, selling and combining of different companies that can aid in, finance, or assist a growing company in a given industry. As outlined by Lawrence Gitman, it is the combination of two or more firms, in which the resulting firm maintains the identity of one of the firms usually the larger. The primary reason for a merger is to improve a companys financial and strategic position. (Gitman, 2009) Determining whether the merger or the acquisition in the U.S. Wine Industry is offensive or defensive is dependent on each companys perspective. International Beverages quest for seeking an acquisition was considered a defensive action put forward by the company and it needed to lengthen its life within the organization. This company was known as a leading producer and marketer in the wine industry. This company being slow at achieving internal growth as their revenues grew at a mere 10% per year as a result of aggressive acquisition strategy. They needed to make an acquisition to prevent it from becoming a market failure as lack of any acquisition resulted in a no growth rate for the Company. This needed to be done to achieve growth internally and to refrain from going under. The wine industry has showed desirable preferences for change to higher end brand which placed International Beverage in a very dangerous position as customer would show a great deal of preference for the highe r end brand wines. International Beverage then had to take the initiative and move strategically in order to remain in the market as a key player, thus alleviating any adverse effects that would occur as a result of the new emerging preference in the future. One of the other companies to be acquired was Starshine. One of the main compositions of companies that International Beverage acquires was the fact that they were all producers of low end quality wine. Starshine was one of them. They too were also facing the fact that they could eventually lose in the market shares as the market began leaning towards a higher end brand of wine and Starshine were offering mid range labels in the market. Since Starshine produced only mid range brand wines, it would have been in their best interest to merge with the other company Bel Vino in order to secure a share in the market. This would have been their defensive action. The merger was crucial because had they not merged with Bel Vino, International Beverage could have acquired their company as the urgently needed some pull out, keeping in mind also that International Beverage also needed some fix for themselves to retain their market share. Starshine would then now be able to deal with their cost issues and competition from foreign producers. The merger between Starshine and International Beverage would be a defensive action with respect to the emerging market changes and also to avoid not having a say in the future business of the company. Bel Vino was producers of high-end wine with a very strong brand. Despite this, they also had sluggish performance, there prevalent management conflicts, these were the internal problems the company was faced with; also their inability to form good distribution lines, have a bad management team and as a result, has unflattering performance levels (Luehrman Kester, 2009). The market change favoured Bel Vino prospects as it allowed them to have more clients to form a better distribution line which will then have positive effects on its revenues. Bel Vino did not need a merger neither an acquisition because it could have solved the aforementioned issues by itself. Despite this fact, there was the option of solving these issues by taking advantage of the already established distribution lines and high earnings of both Starshine and International Beverage (Luehrman Kester, 2009). Given these reasons, Bel Vino is the only one that would be taking offensive action in both instances with respect to merger and acquisition. Question 2 What primary advantages did your company bring to the table? An acquisition of or merger with Bel Vino would benefit both company as Bel Vino, is the company that offered classic vintages and strong brands (Luehrman Kester, 2009). This would give them the comparative advantage over the other companies since these other companies, Starshine and International Beverage, deal mainly with lower end and mid range labels (Luehrman Kester, 2009). From the fact that industry has overcome the wine glut the demand for wine has shifted to the higher end products which neither of Bel Vinos competitors possess (Luehrman Kester, 2009). This was an advantage for Bel Vino since they were able to use this for their negotiations. This would be beneficial also for International Beverage and Starshine providing the opportunity to gain a market share and for their survival in the new market transformation. Bel Vino also benefited from the low cost advantages with respect to the merger with Starshine given the fact of the apparent cost control issues. (Luehrman Kester, 2009). Management in Bel Vino were able to utilize their finances as opposed to overspending on advertisement as Starshine did. All in all, Bel Vino brought several advantages to the table during this negotiation, all of which benefitted each of the companies of way or the other. Question 3 Compare the market positions, financial performance, and future prospects of Bel Vino and Starshine. What are the most significant sources of synergies for the potential transactions? Market position can be defined as the ranking of a brand, product, or firm, in terms of its sales volume relative to the sales volume of its competitors in the same market or industry (Business Dictonary, 2009). In analyzing the three companies, it was found that from the years 2006-2010 Starshine continually had higher net sales to that of Bel Vino. In 2006 Starshine had 475 million compared to Bel Vinos 359 million and International beverages 2980 million. In 2007 Starshine had 495 million compared to Bel Vinos 360 million and 2999.9 million. In 2008 Starshine had 525.1 million compared to Bel Vinos 366 million and 3019.9 million. In 2009 Starshine had 557.2 million compared to Bel Vinos 382.1 million and 6100.4 million. In 2010 Starshine had 591.5 million compared to Bel Vinos 390.1 million and 6141.2 million. (Harvard Business School 2009) This shows that Starshine had a greater market presence than that of Bel Vino and that Bel Vino was finding it difficult to generate sales esp ecially in the international markets to compete with its rivals. This was possibly due to its poor distribution lines. International Beverage could help Starshine and Bel Vino increase their market share both domestically and internationally and also help improve Bel Vinos distribution line. Financial performance refers to the measuring of a firms policies and operations in monetary terms. These results are reflected in the firms return on investment and return on assets (Business Dictionary, 2009). As the formula for return on assets is Net Income/Total Assets, the Return on assets for Starshine through the years 2006 to 2010 are; in 2006: 11.1/498.3 = 2.23%; in 2007: 8.6/503.9=1.71% ; in 2008: 17.4/507.5=3.43 ; in 2009: 28.3/531.5=5.32 ;in 2010: 36.9/556.9= 6.63%. In comparison, the returns on Assets for Bel Vino throughout the years are in 2006: 4.2/425.9=0.99%, in 2007:18.8/406.8=4.62%, in 2008: 27.7/389.4=7.11, in 2009: 33.2/403.6=8.23%,in 2010: 36.1/409.1=.8.82%. This shows that Bel Vino had a higher return on assets than Starshine. Our return on assets are as follows; in 2006: 162.2/1227.2=13.22%; in 2007: 109.9/1461.5=7.52; in 2008: 97.5/1544.5=6.31; in 2009: 423.7/22.32.7=18.98; in 2010: 446.6/2770.2=16.12. This again shows that our company, International Beverage company is a larger better run company. In relation to the future prospects of these companies, Bel Vino had to focus on the protection of their brands, increase in distribution lines and increase in sales volumes. Pertaining to Starshine, they need to cut costs and break into the high end market. Question 4 What was the rationale behind the choice of target for the opening bid and our overall bidding strategy? As we were in a better position than both companies, we were faced with the decision of it to stay as we were and run the risk of both companies merging or if to acquire on of the companies. We decided that were not under any pressure and we were going to keep our bidding low as we felt it was in the other companies best interest to merge with us. We started by making a bid for Starshine as we felt that with their greater presence in the markets would help us to gain an even stronger market share. We thus made an opening bid of $45 per share to Starshine. This bid was rejected. As a result our share price dropped by $0.50 to $64.70 while starshines rose by $2.26 to $56.64. We decided to start the bidding at such a low price so during negotiations; the ceiling price would not get too high. We realised that Starshine offered Bel Vino 1.05 new Starshine shares for each existing Bel Vino Share. So we decided to give Bel Vino something to think about by offering $39 per share. This was lo wer than their share price at the current time which was $45.96. We were not prepared to buy out any of these companies while incurring huge debts. This was another reason why our bids were kept so low. Bel Vino didnt see our bid as attractive despite the fact that we could improve their distribution line internationally considerably. So they rejected our bid. We thus decided it was not worth it to acquire any of the two companies as they lacked the vision to see that they could only benefit by merging with us. In the end Starshine accepted Bel Vinos offer and the companies merged. Question 5. If you were not successful at completing a transaction, why do you believe this was the case? Do you think it represents the best outcome for your shareholders? Would you do anything differently if given another chance to negotiate? According to the confidential information our team was provided with, both Bel Vino and Starshine were potential prospects for a merger. Our main prospect was Bel Vino since they sold high end products and our company would have received more value from this merger. We also noted that a merger with Bel Vino would have added worth to our company. Therefore in the long term, shareholder value will also be increased. In order to increase shareholders value, it is imperative that a company implements strategic planning. This can be done by increasing cost base while maintaining revenue and by increasing revenue share and by reducing cost (Ezine Article, 2010). A merger between Bel Vino and Starshine would have reduced cost of goods sold by roughly $3 million to $ 5 million. In addition, their Research and Development cost would decrease by a significant amount, roughly, one million on an annual basis. Bel Vino showed strategic planning and they recognized the goal of the company and beca use of their financial operations which were done effectively and efficiently, they were able to develop their working capital. There was a possibility of mergers between Bel Vino and Starshine, which actually came to fruition. Before any negotiation is made by any organization and for it to be successful it is critical for them to look over key issues that will affect their organization in the long run. In other words preparedness is one of the main key to successes in any business organization. In addition, a good strategy is also important for a healthy and long term existence of that company. Our team definitely lacked in the area of preparation was resulted in International Beverage not being able to merge with any of the two prospective companies. Our team members were definitely not ready to negotiate because we did not conduct enough background work in terms of focusing on our operating assumptions which included domestic and international revenues. In addition, due to the lack of understanding the game and time, we were not capable of making enough offers to the other two wine companies These factors needed to be decided upon before we ventured into the negotiation process. We also need to focus more on our balance sheet and make comparisons between Bel Vinos and Starshines balance sheets. Despite our unpreparedness, we were able to make bids by offers to both Bel Vino and Starshine at prices, $48.81 and $58.57 respectively. Both companies rejected our offers. We assumed that they believed that their companies were worth more than what we were offering them. At the end of the simulation, Starshine and Bel Vino merged. In conclusion, the wine simulation was a learning experience for our team and we realized the importance of conducting our homework before venturing into negotiations. It is important to learn about your counterparts in detail, as opposed to looking on the surface. Details such as financials are crucial in getting into mergers. If given the opportunity to negotiate again, we will definitely make serious preparations for the negotiations.

The Openness In Education Education Essay

Harmonizing to Alene Fink, a literature reappraisal is a systematic, expressed and consistent method for placing, measuring and synthesising the bing organic structure of completed and recorded work produced by research workers, bookmans and practicians[ I ]and hence in this chapter I am traveling to look into the literature which has helped me to make this survey. It has been divided into 10 subdivisions. In subdivision 2.1, openness in instruction, the beginning of OER and research on OERs has been reviewed. Autonomous acquisition has been discussed in subdivision 2.2. Section 2.3 reviews the literature on pupil liberty. Literature connected to motive theory has been reviewed in subdivision 2.4. Section 2.5 nowadayss literature on learner-centered attacks. Section 2.6 reappraisals literature on self-efficacy and the undermentioned subdivision is on instructional design methodological analysis. Section 2.8 is about the relationship between all these constructs while subdivision 2.9 puts some visible radiation on the deductions and findings related to the literature and eventually the last subdivision contains some recommendations.2.1 Openness in instructionOpenness in instruction is largely about sharing, cut downing barriers and increasing entree to instruction. Harmonizing to Brown and Adler ( 2008 ) , unfastened instruction has been ‘enabled and inspired ‘ by the Internet and it is the Open Educational Resources motion ( OER ) which has had the biggest impact in this country. The instruction system over the last decennary has been capable to policy force per unit areas for enlargement of formal paths for instruction ( e.g. Dearing, 1997 ) . The impact of the Internet and on-line entree alterations the manner that people interact with each other and information ( e.g. Anderson, 2008 ) . When it comes to our state, singular attempts have been put by the authorities in order to give quality instruction and transform Mauritius into a cognition hub. Access to third instruction has been extended to a larger figure of scholars so as to run into the turning demands of the occupation market. Unesco Institute for Statistics has late published that 88.5 % of grownups and 96.7 % of young person are literate in Mauritius.[ two ]Literacy rates199020102010 ( Regional norm )Adult ( 15+ ) %Medium frequency 79.9 88.5 62.6 Meter 85.1 90.9 71.0 F 74.7 86.2 54.2Youth ( 15-24 ) %Medium frequency 91.2 96.7 71.8 Meter 90.7 95.7 76.4 F 91.7 97.7 66.8 Table Beginning: hypertext transfer protocol: //stats.uis.unesco.org/unesco/TableViewer/document.aspx? ReportId=289 & A ; IF_Language=eng & A ; BR_Country=4800 & A ; BR_Region=40540 The tabular array clearly indicates that the rate of literacy has increased since 1990 and therefore we can infer that instruction has become more accessible to all Mauritians. Harmonizing to a study published by Pauline Ngimwa, although the construct of unfastened educational resources is instead new, it is already doing a singular part to instruction in the Sub-Saharan Africa.2.1.1 The beginning of Open Educational ResourcesHarmonizing to Conole et Al, educational resources are authoritative societal objects which help to intercede interactions between instructors and scholars particularly when they are non physically present in the same room. The term OER was foremost adopted at UNESCO ‘s 2002 forum which was on the Impact of Open Courseware for Higher Education in developing states funded by the Hewlett Foundation and this term refers to freely accessible, openly formatted and openly licensed papers and media that are utile for learning, acquisition, instruction, appraisal and research intents harmonizing to Wikipedia.[ three ]2.1.2 Research on unfastened educational resourcesResearch done on OERs largely concern third instruction and to some exte nt their findings can be transferred to the secondary instruction. The footings unfastened content, unfastened educational resources, unfastened courseware and unfastened text editions are more frequently coined to HE discourse which refers to all the instruction and learning resources provided for free under the right of first publication licences. Researches which have been done boulder clay now have shown many advantages of utilizing OERs in schoolrooms. OERs are free and accessible to anyone on the cyberspace and they improve the quality of larning content. Furthermore they can be adapted, re-purposed, re-used or localized for different environments and they free the users from right of first publication and licensing issues. They allow a higher return on investing of taxpayer ‘s money because of better cost-effectiveness as the resources are re-usable. They promote digital competency and enrich the pool of resources. Harmonizing to the OLCOS roadmap published in 2012, unfastened entree to educational resources promotes instruction every bit good as womb-to-tomb acquisition and this is one of the major purposes of the Prevocational course of study. OLCOS has besides explored how OERs can do a difference in instruction and acquisition and has come to a decision that these can authorise instructors and scholars given that necessary policy and organisational models favor so. It has been mentioned that OER promote invention and asks for alteration in educational patterns. In 2008, Wolfenden stated that OER have the possible to lend considerable support where there is scarceness of high quality and didactically sound learning stuffs.2.2 Autonomous acquisitionIn the past decennaries, autonomous acquisition has been encouraged in developed states. The Plowden study ( 1966 ) in United Kingdom had outlined a doctrine based on Piagetian phase theory which emphasized kids as persons and supported a move to child-centered methods and â€Å" course of study † suited to the demands of the kid who was encouraged to be autonomous. In 2005, Christina Gitsaki stated that autonomous acquisition was more present than of all time in Japan and in her survey she found out that students were more enthusiastic when they were allowed to take part actively in their acquisition procedure by making research work, composing studies and interacting with equals. Through her survey she besides found out that although students enjoyed utilizing computing machines and do research on the web, they could non appreciate such activities since the linguistic communication used for the web sites were in English and they could non understand all the information.2.3 Student libertyHarmonizing to Henri Holec, liberty is the ability to take charge of one ‘s ain acquisition while David Little states that it is basically a affair of the scholar ‘s psychological relation to the procedure and content of acquisition. For Leslie Dickinson, liberty is a state of affairs in which the scholar is wholly responsible for all the determina tions concerned with his [ or her ] acquisition and the execution of those determinations and our educational system does non ever promote students to make so. Harmonizing to Dunlap ( 1997 ) , increasing pupils ‘ control and duty over the learning procedure is and of import accomplishment for womb-to-tomb acquisition. For case this can be done by leting students to measure what they need to larn, take and research in order to construct their cognition. I wanted to utilize OERs as extra acquisition resources for certain lessons and let my prevocational students to work on their ain to research the resources and carry out the activities autonomously but since OERs are frequently designed for specific context, I had hence to redact the resources in order to accommodate them to my existent schoolroom context. The linguistic communication used is largely English and non all Prevocational students can understand this linguistic communication good. Thus I had to utilize simpler linguistic communication and translate to the female parent lingua[ four ]really frequently during the activities.2.4 Motivation theoryIn 1981, Harter stated that research across the preschool to high school categories have shown that kids ‘s intrinsic motive lessenings and they feel more anomic to larning and I to the full agree with this statement when it comes to my pre-vocational students. It is really difficult to acquire them interested in their surveie s and unless the learning resources presented to them are non meaningful ; they lose involvement really quickly in their lessons. Equally long as scholars are actively engaged in reliable undertakings where they are involved in treatments, taking determinations, fixing presentations and join forcesing they get to use their bing cognition and research new cognition, the former are excited and motivated. Educators frequently prefer intrinsic motive to extrinsic motive and harmonizing to research by Ryan, Conell and Plant ( 1990 ) , larning results of intrinsic motive are better than those obtained under extrinsic motive. The usage of hands-on activities helps to heighten intrinsic motive and the NCFS provinces that a assortment of schemes must be used in prevocational every bit good as mainstream so as to actuate scholars. I have tried to look for some originative ways to include engineering in my teaching resources as nowadays pupils are exposed to it daily for communicating and for interaction but since most of my pre-vocational students do n't hold a computing machine at place and therefore they can non hold entree to the cyberspace. Therefore all the educational resources which I have used have either been distributed ( in the signifier of difficult transcripts ) or viewed in the schoolroom. I have tried to convey assortment in the instruction AIDSs since my students could non hold entree to all the OERs selected.2.5 Learner-centered attacksFor this survey, I have used OERs as learning resources to back up the instruction procedure. When incorporating these resources in the bing educational patterns, I have tried new attacks and patterns in forming instruction and acquisition ; and one attack is the learner-centered 1. The function of a instructor within a learner-centered attack to direction is that of a facilitator or manager ( Wang, 2006 ) . Learner-centered attacks to learning hold emerged from the acquisition theory â€Å" constructivism † . Constructivist acquisition is based on an apprehension that learners concept cognition for themselves ( Hein, 1991: Krause et Al, 2003 ) . In 2002 Weimer was largely concerned learner-centered instruction as an exercising in altering instruction pattern. Weimer identified learner-centered instruction as embracing 5 alterations to pattern: switching the balance of schoolroom power from instructor to pupil ; planing content as a agency to constructing cognition instead than a ‘knowledge terminal ‘ in itself ; positioning the instructor as facilitator and subscriber, instead than manager and beginning of cognition ; switching duty for larning from instructor to scholar ; and advancing larning through effectual appraisal. Learner-centered instruction is non so easy with the pre-vocational students because there are many students who are slow scholars and although they are allocated some extra clip for certain undertakings, the instructor still needs to be present. Therefore it is non really obvious to give greater liberty and control over the pick of capable affair, the gait of acquisition, and the acquisition methods used as suggested by Gibbs in 1992.2.6 Self efficaciousnessBandura in 1982 defined perceived self-efficacy as judgements of how good one can put to death classs of action required to cover with prospective state of affairss while in 2002 Eccles and Wigfield define it as an person ‘s assurance in his or her ability to form and put to death a given class of action to work out a job or carry through a undertaking. Self-efficacy is of import as it helps to find attempt and continuity every bit good as to put ends. Self-regulated scholars use a assortment of schemes and have high self-efficacy ; puting ends for themselves, supervising their ain activities, measuring their ain public presentation and moreover responding to their rating results. In 2007, Schunk and Zimmerman formulated the self-regulation theory which states that persons can strengthen their ain motive by prosecuting themselves in puting appropriate and accomplishable ends, using larning schemes, and monitoring and measuring advancement towards ends. In our state as I have already mentioned earlier, much accent is laid on exams-oriented surveies which nurtures a civilization of competition and really frequently pedagogues end up spoon-feeding their scholars. Therefore such actions discourage scholars from being independent and self-regulated.2.7 Instructional design methodological analysisInstructional design specifies a method which will ease the transportation of cognition, accomplishments and attitudes to the receiver.[ V ]Ins tructional design, for an educational scene, is a system of processs for developing educational plans to guarantee the most effectual and efficient larning environment. Assorted theoretical accounts have been developed and implemented to construct systematic instructions and these can be traced back to the 60 ‘s. Harmonizing to Ryder M. of University of Colorado, theoretical accounts help to organize a image of the job so as to divide it into manageable units. Each unit/ component interacts with each other so as to ‘give construction and significance to an I.D job. ‘ Although there are a assortment of theoretical accounts, most of them include the nucleus elements of ADDIE model- the acronym for Analysis Design Development Implementation and Evaluation. The ADDIE theoretical account is iterative in nature and hence during the undertaking, the developer can convey alteration among the assorted activities of the theoretical account. Revision Revision Revision Revision Figure: The Core elements of ADDIE theoretical account ( Gustafson, k & A ; Branch, R )[ six ] Harmonizing to me, instructional design is of import in an educational scene as it: encourages whole-class attack, takes into consideration students with particular larning demands, allows instructors to invent activities which will accommodate students with different larning manners ( auditory, ocular or kinaesthetic ) , allows instructors to reexamine the bringing of the lessons so as to better in the hereafter, encourages stepwise planning and this helps the instructor to consolidate parts of the lesson which students could non understand. We take the different degrees of our students into consideration while inventing activities, fixing learning AIDSs or taking learning stuffs. We try to supply students better larning experiences and heighten their battle in the acquisition activities. Since the thought behind OERs is leting users to accommodate, edit, usage and re-use the construct of instructional design tantrums in absolutely. As pedagogues we can utilize the resources and accommodate them harmonizing to the demands of our scholars so as to run into their several acquisition demands.2.8 Relationship between these constructsOpen educational resources are repurposed in order to run into the demands of students. The user supports portion of the resources which are relevant and discards the staying and if demands be some other pieces of information or media are added so as to be in line with the specific aims. Autonomous larning leads to autonomy. We can promote student liberty and autonomous acquisition by following learner-centered instruction in our schoolroom. The literature reviewed above is straight related to openness in instruction and the use of unfastened educational resources in schoolrooms.2.9 Deductions and findings from the literatureTo sum up, I have looked into the assorted theoretical facets of the use of OERs in schoolrooms. I can reason that harmonizing to the literature I reviewed, OERs: encourage womb-to-tomb acquisition, encourage usage different schemes and learning AIDSs to pull and retain attending of students, can open new avenues for scholars,2.10 Recommendations

Tips for Appealing a College Rejection Decision

If youve been rejected from a college, theres a chance that you can and should appeal that rejection letter. In many cases, however, an appeal is really not appropriate and you should respect the colleges decision. If you decide that you do want to attempt an appeal, be sure to consider the suggestions below. A poorly executed appeal is simply a waste of your time and the admissions offices time. Should You Appeal Your Rejection? Its important to begin this article with what is probably a discouraging reality check: In general, you shouldnt challenge a rejection letter. Decisions are nearly always final, and you are most likely wasting your time and the time of the admissions folks if you appeal. Before you decide to appeal, make sure that you have a  legitimate reason to appeal a rejection. Being angry or frustrated or feeling like you were treated unfairly are not reasons to appeal. If, however, you have significant new information that will strengthen your application, or you know of a clerical error that might have hurt your application, an appeal might be appropriate. Tips for Appealing Your Rejection First, try to find out why you were rejected. This can be done with a polite phone call or email message to your admissions representative. When contacting the admissions office, a little humility can be helpful. Dont challenge the admissions decision or suggest that the school made the wrong decision. You are simply trying to learn about any weaknesses the college found in your application.If you find you were rejected for something that hasnt changed—grades, SAT scores, lack of depth in extracurricular activities—thank the admissions officer for his or her time, and move on. An appeal isnt going to be appropriate or helpful.The admissions officers werent wrong in their decision, even if you think they were. Suggesting they were wrong will simply make them defensive, make you appear arrogant, and hurt your cause.If you are appealing because of an administrative error from your high school (grades reported incorrectly, a misdirected letter, miscalculated class rank, etc .), present the error in your letter, and accompany your letter with a letter from your high school counselor to legitimize your claim. Have your school send a new official transcript if appropriate.If you have new information to share, make sure it is significant. If your SAT scores went up 10 points or your GPA climbed .04 points, dont bother appealing. If, on the other hand, you just had your best quarter ever in high school by far, or you got back SAT scores that were 120 points higher, this information is worth sharing.  The same can be said for extracurricular activities and awards. A participation certificate for a spring soccer camp is not going to make the school reverse a rejection decision. Learning that you made the All-American team, however, is worth sharing.  Always be polite and appreciative. Recognize that the admissions officers have a tough job, and that you realize how competitive the process is. At the same time, reaffirm your interest in the school and pres ent your meaningful new information.  An appeal letter need not be long. In fact, it is best to respect the busy schedules of the admissions folks and keep your letter brief and focused. A Final Word on Appealing a College Rejection These sample appeal letters can help guide you as you craft your own letter. Youll find examples of bad and good content for appeal letters. Use these samples wisely and make sure your letter is all your own. A plagiarized appeal letter is not going to make a college reverse its decision. Sample Good Appeal Letter for a College RejectionSample Bad Appeal Letter for a College Rejection Again, be realistic when approaching an appeal. You are unlikely to be successful, and in most cases an appeal is not appropriate. Many schools dont even consider appeals. In some cases, however, an appeal can succeed when your credentials have changed measurably. In cases of a significant procedural or clerical errors, it is worth talking with the admissions office about an appeal even if the school says it doesnt allow them. Most schools will give you a second look if you were hurt by a mistake made by your school or the college.

Role Of Using The Based On Language Teaching Practice

https://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/article/mother-tongue-other-tongue After having read Prodromou L (2000) ‘From Mother Tongue to Other Tongue’ Bridges 5 (Online -http://www.thracenet.gr/bridges/bridges5/) I decided to question myself of what was the role of using the MT in our EFL classroom and which was my approach towards it. The use of the mother tongue in the ESL/EFL contexts has been and still is a hotly debated issue. In fact, those who have dared to use the students’ L1 in their teaching practice have been more often than not looked down on, and unreasonably labeled as traditional outdated teachers due to the fact that they do not embrace the state of the art approach: Communicative Language Teaching. In effect, Uruguay is not alien to this trend. That is to say, most teachers cater for a monolingual approach in their classrooms. â€Å"Nevertheless, the use of the mother tongue has displayed a remarkable resilience mainly on the part of those few who argue that the use of L1 is a legitimate pedagogical tool especially in an EFL environment, and claim that it deserves to be rehabilitated† (Widdowson et al.) This personal reflection sets out to investigate students and teachers’ use of mother tongue in educational settings and their perception of its use. The point here then, is to analyze up to what extent the use of mother tongue in the teaching of English is used consciously as another tool forShow MoreRelatedThe Approaches And Practices Of Language Teaching Essay1327 Words   |  6 PagesApproaches and Practices in Language Teaching Communicative Practices in Language Teaching What is communicative language teaching (CLT)? Brown (2014, p. 236) offered the following four interrelated characteristics as the definitions of CLT: 1. 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Task-based language teaching Task-based language teaching (TBLT) is regarded as a natural extension of communicative approach (Harmer, 2007). Task is defined as ‘a piece of classroom work which involves learners in comprehending, manipulating, producing or interacting in the target language while their attention is principally focused on meaning rather than on form’ (Nunan, 1989:10). In other words, a task emphasizes on language communicative functions and requires participants to convey meaning

Different Methods Of Influence By Amy Schumer And Ellen...

Amy Schumer and Ellen Degeneres: Different Methods of Influence Historically, media figures play a large role in social awareness. Amy Schumer and Ellen Degeneres are both influential figures in gender equality and gay rights, respectively. Whereas Schumer pushes her agenda by being controversial and pushing the boundaries of what is socially acceptable, Degeneres does so via being unintimidating. Each is extremely effective, but Schumer pushes the envelope and Degeneres acts amiable so people are more likely to accept her and gay rights. The social landscape of the time was drastically influenced by Degeneres coming out as lesbian, and later by Schumer’s application of sex humor. Degeneres brought attention to the presence of gay people, and Schumer brought attention to the gender inequalities present in society. There is juxtaposition between how Schumer and Degeneres successfully produce progress for their respective fields of influence. Whereas Schumer pushes gender equality by being controversial, Degeneres pushes gay rights by being appealing. In film and media, there are â€Å"a slew of stereotypical roles for girls and women to (willingly or not) play throughout their lives,† which is both extremely limiting and demeaning. Unrealistic scenarios are constantly created so as to â€Å"[magnify] the gendered expectations [of female characters]† in order to fit the â€Å"[distorted] real world conditions that exist for women† (Ames, Burcon). These societal norms for women in media have

Skeever Free Essays

By the nine divines! What did you just say about me, you little skeeverbutt? I’ll have you know I graduated top of my class in the College of Winterhold, and I’ve been know to cast one hell of a fireball, and I have over 300 confirmed summons. I am trained in daedric warfare and I’m the swords master of the entire Imperial forces. You are nothing to me but just another target. We will write a custom essay sample on Skeever or any similar topic only for you Order Now I will make you beg to Akatosh as I bend you over like a common whelp, mark my words, on my oath as the Dovakin. You think you can come into my mind though this magic device and insult me? Think again,scum. As we speak I have every assassin and thief across all of Tamriel looking for your initial position so you better prepare for the storm atronach,you drauger. The storm atronach that wipes out the pathetic little husk you call your life. I can be anywhere, anytime, and I can kill you in over seven hundred ways, and that’s just with my dragon shouts! Not only am I extensively trained in archery and horseback riding, but I have access to the entire congregation of the thieves guild, dark brotherhood, Mages college, and untold hordes of deadric warriors, and I will use every one of them to banish you to the plane of oblivion.. If only you could have had the clairvoyance to see what divine retribution your little â€Å"clever† runes were about to bring down upon you, maybe you would have held your tongue you dark skin. But you couldn’t, you didn’t, and now you’re paying the price, you goddamn idiot. I will become the embodiment of Mehrunes Dagon, and open a portal to oblivion the likes of which you have never seen. You’re fucking dead, milk-drinker. How to cite Skeever, Papers

Research on Programming

Question: Write a research report about the given topic, "Research on Programming"? Answer: Executive Summary This report is mainly concerned with the programming languages that are used for making the viruses, worms, Trojan Horse etc as well as for making the security of the internet. Now days majority of the users uses internet and are much aware of the security. The different programming languages help in securing the internet. A. Report Layout Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1 Outline of the thesis In this technology drive world, the usage of modern technology through different programming languages helps not only in the advancement of internet security but also helps in covering up the loopholes in securing the internet. Internet security doesnt limit itself in securing the internet browsers only but also extends its security towards the operating system as well as other software in the computer system (Gold, 2013). This is because; other than the external drives, internet is another major way through which the viruses, worms, Trojan horse, malwares and spywares can enter the system and damage the data and information within the system. There are several steps that are adopted to fight against these viruses and worms. The data are encrypted using the programming languages that are used for securing the internet and the system. This research will be dealing about the programming languages that are used for securing the internet, the requirement of securing the internet and the methods of reducing the ill effects of the viruses, worms etc. to the system thereby making it safe for all the users. 1.2 Problem Statement With the increase in hacking and entry of the worms and viruses, now days there are several antiviruses available in the market that are made based on different programming languages. The consumers get confused sometimes in choosing among the antivirus that will be suiting best for the system and the user. In this report, the researcher will be discussing about different internet security procedures available in the market based on the different programming languages such as Java, C, C++, Perl etc. The problem regarding the selection of the best internet security and the causes of the internet security will also be discussed. 1.3 Research Questions What according to your opinion there is a requirement of internet security? What is the available programming languages used for coding the antivirus programs? What are the reasons according to you compels you to use security system for your internet? 1.4 Previewing the structure of the research paper 1st chapter: Introduction: This section will be focused regarding the topic of internet security briefly along with the programming languages that is essential for securing the internet. In addition to this, the problem statement on this issue is also discussed along with the research questions. 2nd chapter: Literature Review: There are different ways of attacking the internet and finding loopholes for attacking the computer and internet system. So, for securing the internet and the computer system, there are several programming languages that are used for securing the system as well as the internet. So, this section will be discussing about the different theories and programming languages that are in use for securing the internet as well as the computer. The pros and cons of the different programming languages used for securing the internet and system will also be discussed vividly. 3rd chapter: Research Methodology: This chapter of the research work will be concerned with the methods of data collection, research approaches, research design as well as research philosophy. This helps the researcher in analyzing the research topic in the most methodical manner for the better understanding of the readers. 4th chapter: Results and Findings: This section of the research work will be concerned with the results and findings that the researcher has received from the data collected for this research work. These research findings help the researcher in in-depth understanding of the topic. 5th chapter: Discussion and Analysis: This section of the research work will be analyzing the findings and results of the data collected by the researcher for this research work. This facilitated the researcher in understanding and gaining a thorough knowledge on the topic. 6th chapter: Conclusion: In this tech savvy world, with the growing importance of the internet, security of the internet is also increasing in a rapid way. There are various securities available in the market that is made of several programming languages for securing the system and the computer. The researcher will be summing up the different research results related to this topic. Chapter 2 Literature Review 2.1 Introduction Gold (2013) commented that internet now days have become an inseparable part in everyones life. The usage of internet has facilitated the users in coming in contact with each other very easily and made the world small in dimension. Ziegeldorf et al. (2013) also had a view regarding this topic is that in this modern era of technology and internet usage, the security of the internet is essential for every user for protecting their systems. This section of the research work will be dealing with the concepts of internet security and internet safety, different types of internet attacks and the ways of securing the internet. Along with this, the need and requirement of internet security and the pros and cons of different programming languages that are used for securing the internet are also discussed vividly. 2.2 Internet Safety and Internet Security Kim and Chung (2013) commented that internet security and internet safety are the closely related terms but there lies a hairline difference between the two terms and understanding these terms help the researcher in better understanding of the research topic. Internet security is the application of the programming languages in securing the internet from the hackers and 3rd party unauthorized users. With the advancement of the technology and programming languages, there are several languages available in the market that is used for securing the internet. On the other hand, Pawlik (2014) had a view that internet safety is the protection of the internet from the outside threats and risks. Both internet security and internet safety is essential for preventing redundancy of data, protection of internet and maintenance of safety. 2.3 Different types of internet attacks With the increase in internet usage and usage of modern technology, the attacks on the internet have also increased to a considerable extent. There are different types of internet attacks that are discussed below- Virus- According to Nie (2013) a virus is itself a program that gets activated in the system by attaching themselves to the files and executable objects in the system. Viruses reach the system through cracked software, email attachments, internet and CDs. The file virus attacks the executable programs through .com and .exe extensions. The script viruses are written using different script languages such as JavaScript, BAT, VBS, PHP etc. and they infect Linux and Windows command and service files along with HTML if it allow the scripts to execute. Worms- Kim and Chung (2013) commented that worms are also the programs that imitate themselves from one system to another system without the actual use of the host file. It is generally a 99-line bootstrap program that is jotted down in C language along with reloadable object file in Sun-3 and VAX flavors. Worms generally exist within the Excel and Word files and will discharge a document that has worm macro in the document. The worm generally uses a trap door in the SMTP mail service that uses a bug in the debugging codes for executing a command interpreter across a mail connection. Trojan Horse- Pawlik (2014) had a view that Trojan Horses are the malware programs that are generally found in .com and .exe executable files. Trojan horses are generally termed as security breaking program that infects the Operating System of Windows that are most popularly used. Generally, these programming languages enter the system, through various sites, attached files and extension files. Spyware and Adware- According to Nie (2013) Spyware and Adware are also the programming languages that also the common attacks through internet. It initially tracks downs the findings of the users search of the internet and on the basis of that the users are provided with the services. It is a modification of the HTML package that enters the computer through the web browsers, browser theme, enhancements and games. Gold (2013) also commented on the fact that the adwares are also the programming languages that are displayed with the advertisement of the web browser of the user. 2.4 Ways of securing the internet There are several ways of securing the internet from the attacks of the viruses, worms, adware, malwares and Trojan Horses. These are discussed as follows- Encryption of data- According to Ziegeldorf et al. (2013) encryption of data is the conversation of electronic data into cipher text form that cannot be understood by the unauthorized parties and can be easily understood by the intended sender and receiver. The data are encrypted to maintain the integrity of data, authenticating the data as well as to prevent the redundancy of data. The modern algorithms of encryption are used for securing the IT systems and maintain the confidentiality in the communications. Generally Java and C programming languages are used for powerful encryption of data. Usage of firewalls- Firewalls are also an effective method of securing the internet from the hacking and unauthorized users. Pawlik (2014) commented on the fact that the programming languages that are used for the firewalls are C++, Java and Python that helps in making the firewalls strong enough to prevent 3rd party interruption. Firewalls pass the message in the most selective way by screening out the messages that are prone to attacks. Usage of secured Email- According to Kim and Chung (2013) the usage of secured email system is another efficient way of securing the internet from the hackers and unauthorized trespassers and users. The virus, Trojan Horse etc all attaches themselves in the extension files of the emails and while the users download it, these infected programs enter into the computer system thereby damaging the system extensively. To prevent this, the users need to stay alert regarding these emails and should not download or open these files. The automatic downloading modes need to be disabled for preventing these attacks. Secured way of web browsing- Nie (2013) had a view that the users have a tendency of browsing the internet and entering the restricted sites. This is a way for attacking the IT system and breaking the security of the system. In order to prevent this, the users need to take the web browsing in a most serious way. The tools need to be used for deactivating the IP addresses trackers that reduces the spread of worms and viruses in the IT systems. 2.5 Need of Internet Security It is essential to secure the internet with the increasing attacks of the internet. Pawlik (2014) commented that with the advancement of the technology and usage of internet, attacks regarding it are also increasing in a rapid pace. So, in order to prevent data redundancy and manipulation of data, internet security is essential. 2.6 Pros and Cons of different programming languages used in internet security There are several pros and cons regarding the programming languages used for securing the internet. According to Kim and Chung (2013), Java can be used since it has a huge support base, and have application servers such as J2EE for web based applications. The C and C++ language if used gives speed and efficiency at the time of single HTTP transaction. The PHP can be easily embedded in the HTML and integrates well with apache. The Python is relatively easy for linking the C code and is well expressive and clean. In contrast to this, Ziegeldorf et al. (2013) commented that there are certain cons also using these programming languages. Usage of Python makes the system slow for certain tasks and the unusual syntax such as usage of white-space frightens the people who are used to C- syntax. Again, PHP is also slow and the language is vague. The absence of dynamic language features and huge implementation overhead for CGI makes the Java language used for internet security a bit difficult. The C and C++ language are easy programming languages and are prone to attacks. 2.7 Summary In this section, the different programming languages are discussed that are used for securing the internet. Along with this, the different kinds of attacks along with the programming languages that are used for making these viruses, worms, Trojan Horses etc. are made are also discussed vividly. Chapter 3 Research Methodology 3.1 Introduction According to Pawlik (2014), research methodology is a specific process through which we can carry out our own study and do the respective research on the basis of which we can figure out the effective business decision from the collected raw data and information. In short research methodology is the study for carrying out the research. In research methodology, there are two broader types of classification which are qualitative research and quantitative research. In qualitative research it helps to understand the motive of what, how, where of the behavior of the people on whose reply the whole study depends and also reasons of their reply criteria. In quantitative research it deals with the statistical and mathematical analysis of the data and on the basis of these analyses also the evaluation of the results. To carry out this research successfully we can do some types of research as experiments, surveys, questionnaires, interviews, participants and non-participants observation, obser vation trials etc. 3.2 Research Design Kim and Chung (2013), commented that Research design refers to a schematic outline which describes how an investigation will look like. In short through research design we can get the whole blue print of the study which describes the whole virtual structure of the study starting from the collection of data, what instruments to use and how to use. The whole research design can be of three types as exploratory, explanatory and descriptive. In this study the descriptive design of the research study is chosen where the whole structure of the design and also the quantitative part of the design can be analyzed. This descriptive structure includes the surveys, observations and analysis of the data and also the facts- findings analysis. 3.3 Data collection Methods In a very easy way data can be divided into two parts. One is primary data which are collected from the direct contact with the respondent and also doing the open ended interview through the internet users and also on the basis of the survey which is done through the questionnaire process and on the other hand the secondary data is on the basis of the others analysis of the research on which the re analysis is done from this point of view and most probably the sources of the secondary data are journals, magazines, analysis reports, etc. 3.4 Hypothesis For doing this research in a successful way, distributed the questionnaire which is prepared to do the analysis among round of 100 internet users through which it can easily deduce the facts that how many people are concerned about the internet security and for this process what types of protection they take. Among those 100 users 50 of them are responded back which helps to carry out the research work successfully and to deduce an effective conclusion. 3.5 Summary In this whole chapter it is discussed the whole about the techniques of design, collected data, methods, hypothesis which will be used in the analysis of the data and information which is used and also give the detailed view of the step to step approach and the guidelines how to carry out the research and also discuss about the whole content of the research methodology. Chapter 4 Results and Findings 4.1 Introduction In the previous chapter it is discussed how the data will be collected and how to analyze them for the better understanding of the topic. So to analyze the topic the whole questionnaire is prepared which is distribute among the internet users related to my research work which looks like as given bellow 4.2 Quantitative Analysis (for users) For how many years you are using the internet? Options No of respondents Total respondents Response% 1-2 years 7 50 14% 3-5 years 20 50 40% 6-10 years 10 50 20% 11-15 years 8 50 16% More than 15 years 5 50 10% Table1: use of the internet In this above graph, it shows that among the 100% of the users 14 % are using for 1-2 years, 40% are using for 3-5 years, 20% are using for 6-10 years, 16% for 11-15 years and only 1o% for more than 15 years are using the internet. Which devices you use maximum for accessing Internet facility? Options No. of respondents Total respondents Response% Computers 10 50 20% Laptops 20 50 40% Tablets 5 50 10% Phones 15 50 30% Table2: maximum access of the internet In this graph, it shows that now days 20% of the users are using from the computers, 40% are using from the laptops which are more, 10% are using from tablets and the rest 30% are utilizing their phones for internet access. To what extent are you concerned about the internet security? options No of respondents Total respondents Response% Most likely 20 50 40% Likely 10 50 20% Neutral 8 50 16% Less 7 50 14% Very less 5 50 10% Table 3: awareness of the internet security In this graph, 40% and 20% of the users are concerned about the internet security most likely and likely, 15% of the users are neutral and 12 % and 10% are less and very less concerned about the internet security. Chapter 5 Discussion 1. It is deduced that more than 40% of the users are using internet for 3 5 years, and it shows that recently for 5 years the use of the internet are increased in a higher rate as it tells that now everything is getting to be possible through the internet connection. So in todays life internet is going to be the best resource of everything.2. Maximum numbers of the users are using the internet from the laptops and phones as mostly the every time the internet connections are connected from these two devices so the getting effected from the internet threats of these two devices are increasing day by day.3. Hacking, virus attacks are also increasing day by day which can cause the deadly damage to the devices so the internet users are getting much more concern about the internet security because the attacks of the intruders are also increasing in a rapid rate. Chapter 6 Conclusion As going through the research which I completed by now it gets cleared that internet security is one of the rising concern for everybody because now days about 95% of the people of 100 are using internet in their daily basis. So if we have to pay our taxes, bills and also to do our online shopping etc internet is the most things which we needed. So to protect our devices, to avoid to get attacked and to protect our personal information internet security is the foremost important things to do. Reflective Report By going through the above study I concluded that internet security is the most important factor to consider in our daily life. As everybody is getting busier in day by day so to reduce the time consuming work to short span most of the things are getting computerized so that in less time we can do much more work. To reduce the consuming time and to do the much more work the usage of the internet is increasing in a rapid manner. As we all know the thing which has the good side to consider also have the bad side which can effect more rapidly to users. So to decrease this numbers of attacks and to get protected from the internet threats now internet users are taking different steps which can control these types of attack and also many types of security is also introduced. By going through this study I came to know that the hackers and the intruders are also using different types of the new technologies so that they hack the others computers and can steal the users personal information and also can corrupt the hard disk of the computers which can crash the whole computer system and also introduced the different types of dangerous malicious viruses. Some of the internet threats which can cause to the serious damage to the computers system are viruses, Trojan horse, malware, adware etc which attacks through web browsing, emails, CDs, DVDs or the external hard disk etc. as noticed that some types of viruses attacks the computers in such a way that the users cannot even realize that they are replicating automatically in numbers that they are occupying the more space of the computers memory, some others can track the IP addresses, email address so that they can do the leakage of the important data of the emails. Since these attacks of the internet threats a nd their security issues are increasing with the advancement of the internet technology. After gathering that much knowledge of the internet security I can clearly understand one thing that to give the security of the internet threats is not that much easy and that cannot also be reduced in a full manner. So to protect ourselves we have to do the daily measure which can kept us free from threats and among that daily measures some are using firewalls, securing web browsers, securing emails, using of the encrypted format of the data . Through firewalls we can make barrier between our computers and the outside world which can checks and even do the primary scan of the very data and information which is coming and going to and from the computers. By encryption and decryption of the Data we can coded the messages to a coded form which only can decoded by the sender and the receiver of the messages. It can decrease the redundancy, misuse and the loss of the data. By securing browser we can prevent the hackers to track our web history, to open the unwanted pages and the sites. In most basic protection from the internet attacks we can install the updated antivirus which can give the basic protection from the virus and also prevents to get opened the unwanted harmful web pages automatically. To carry out this project and to get the practical scenario of the todays internet attacks and the security provided from these types attacks I had done a surveys of the 100 internet users and did the quantitative analysis of the answers which I get from the 50 users who responded back to me and all the protection which I have discussed is fully on the basis on the problem which the responded mentioned. Most of the users are already very much concern about the internet security and are taking the various measure to protect themselves from the threats and only few more users are there who are neutral that they are not that much concerned about the threats facts and also have to tell and give them the knowledge about the internet threats and the required protection from the internet threats and how to take it and what to do. These protections help in giving the data security, data redundancy and to maintain the data integration. To do the internet security we can use some of the programming languages among them some are c/c++, java, PHP, Python etc. By using python we can clean and expressive the internet browser and also easy for the web developers to use but also have the some disadvantages which is come generally with all the advantages are that it becomes very slow for some program, and also very hard to choose the exact server which will be suitable because in some of the web browser it gets slow. In PHP, it is very good for the beginner of the programming, it can be coded in HTML language and also get the good integration as I tell it also have some of the cons that are through this PHP implementation it might can change the code of the programming without the note which can might cause the security error. By java as language in pros side we can get the more commercial support as much more tools are available to do the work and also the have the applications server for some of the web based applications and in its cons side it is highly executed language in which the chance of the errors are maximum and also have the lack of dynamic features of the languages. Reference List Kim, K. and Chung, K. (2013) IT convergence and security 2012, Dordrecht: Springer Gold, S. (2013) Getting lost on the Internet: the problem with anonymity,Network Security, pp.10-13 Pawlik, A. (2014) Safeguarding the future of the Internet,Computer Fraud Security, 2014(6), pp.13-15 Ziegeldorf, J., Morchon, O. and Wehrle, K. (2013) Privacy in the Internet of Things: threats and challengesSecurity Comm. Networks, 7(12), pp.2728-2742 Nie, X. (2013) Security Threats and Countermeasures in the Internet of Things Based on RFID,AMM, 380-384, pp.2817-2821